Einstein International Journal Organization(EIJO)

Abstract 

The exponential growth of computing technologies has brought unprecedented advancements but also significant environmental challenges, including high energy consumption, carbon emissions, and electronic waste generation. Green computing, or sustainable computing, seeks to mitigate these impacts by adopting energy-efficient technologies, resource-optimized processes, and environmentally friendly practices. This paper provides a comprehensive review of current research trends in green computing, exploring innovations such as energy-efficient hardware, AI-driven resource optimization, sustainable e-waste management, and renewable energy integration. The study highlights key challenges, including high implementation costs, lack of standardization, scalability issues, and limited recycling infrastructure, which hinder the widespread adoption of green computing. Additionally, the paper identifies future research directions, such as quantum computing, biodegradable hardware, low-power IoT devices, and advanced energy storage solutions, to address these challenges. By examining recent advancements and potential pathways for innovation, this review underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, industries, and policymakers to create sustainable IT systems. Green computing represents not only a technological revolution but also a critical step toward balancing digital growth with environmental stewardship.

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